Practice+Lili



Movie pitch: The Greek Olympics Universtity of penn: http://www.museum.upenn.edu/new/olympics/olympicorigins.shtml

Dartmousth.edu: http://minbar.cs.dartmouth.edu/greecom/olympics/history/gameshistory.php

Britannica Online: http://search.eb.com/eb/print?articleId=108519&fullArticle=true&tocId=249543

World Atlas.com: http://www.worldatlas.com/aatlas/infopage/olympic.htm

Crystallinks.com: http://www.crystalinks.com/greekolympics.html

Ancient Greece.com: http://www.ancientgreece.com/s/Olympics/

What do you know ?

In fifth grade i studied ancient Greece. I did research on a bit of everything. I researched in a general sense on writing, art, literature, religion, culture. Even though I did the research I forget most of it because it was such a long time ago. If we learn about it things might come back to me.

What do you want to know?

i want to learn about the greek myths and the stories that they told. I think that is interesting to hear their stories that they passed down. They are also interesting to hear the myths that they thought about.

What do you think might be significant?

I feel that the most significant part about ancient Greece is the religion and there greek myths and legend.

[|this link had a lot of mesopotamia writing]



Handbook to Life in ancient Mesopotamia By: Stephen Bertman   I.  Writing  a.  The find of the written language from ancient Mesopotamia was found from old written tablets.  b.  Writing was originated in Mesopotamia, one of the biggest accomplishments  c.  It was the start of writing for all civilizations that came  d.  Over time the people used their form of writing to write down all that event that happened and what other were thinking  e.  The writing now is extinct but the idea was carried on and now used in modern civilizations  <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial"> II. <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">Origins and devices <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial"> a.  <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">Tablets made of clay were used to write on <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial"> b.   <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">Reeds that grew along the side of the river were used as tools <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial"> i.   <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">The upper art of the reed and lower part were cut off and used as a stylus <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial"> c.  <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">This style of wedge-liked writing was later known as **Cuneiform.** From the Latin word cuneus which means wedge <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial"> d.  <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">At the same point in time the Egyptians used papyrus to write on. Our word paper comes from papyrus <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial"> e.  <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">The question is did the Mesopotamians learn from the Egyptians? Or did the Egyptians learn from the Mesopotamians? <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial"> III. <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">Style <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial"> a.  <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">The Mesopotamians and the Egyptians both used pictures of objects around them as the form of each symbol <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial"> b.  <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">The writing of the Egyptians was more easily readable of animals, plants because used with a brush <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial"> c.  <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">The Mesopotamians used a reed which was harder to decipher because their characters looked abstract <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial"> d.  <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">Some think the clay tokens were written by merchants to record the purchase or trade <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial"> IV. <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">From pictogram to Phonogram <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial"> a.  <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">Each picture stood for the object being written for example a picture of a sheep meant one sheep and two meant two sheep <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial"> b.  <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">It was hard to figure out weather a picture could tell expressions or actions for example it a man next to a sheep if it means a man owns a sheep a man sold a sheep or a man is sheep like <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial"> c.  <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">Then ideogram was created to show ideas or concepts. Instead of each picture standing for a picture it stood for a sound. <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial"> d.  <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">Using phonograms there would be a sound to construct every word in the language. <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial"> e.  <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">This was easy to do for he Sumerians one syllable. <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial"> f.  <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">All of the civilizations later used phonograms. Left to do was make a alphabet that was created in the 2nd millennium B.C.E <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial"> V.  <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">Technique <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial"> a.  <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">The symbols were place on the clay tablets by a writer. He wrote left to right or top to bottom. “When vertical columns were used, the tablets were written and read from left to right. To “Turn the page,” the column was flipped over bottom to top. Reading then continued from the column on the farthest right and moved leftward. If the scribe ran out of room, he might write between the lines or even write on the tablet’s edge. At the ed of the tablet would go what scholars call colophon giving the title of the document and the “page,” number of the tablet and a “catch-line”: the first line of the next tablet.” <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial"> b.  <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">In legal tablets the scribes name would be written on it the date the pace <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial"> c.  <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">Contracts and letters were put into clay envelops with a seal stamp and information about how sent it <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial"> d.   <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">For a rough draft scribes would used wooden tablets with soft wax which later on could be rubbed off <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial"> e.  <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">Texts with a great value could be put into stone <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial"> VI. <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">The role of the scribe <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial"> a.  <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">The scribes are the most important people in the ancient time because they were the ones who wrote down what the kings would find in new land or the trades’ merchants would do with other people. They were the one who could read and write the language. <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings"> ß <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> This is a small chart of cuneiform and the formations from pictogram to phonogram. <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">Daily life in Ancient Mesopotamia <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">By: Karen Rhea Nemet-Nejat <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial"> I.  <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">Origins of writing <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial"> a.  <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">The origins of writing dates back to the 4th millennium <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial"> b.  <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">The start of writing was created because of the need of a written system for economic needs. Recording what types of sheep, crops and etc. they had it was efficient <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial"> c.  <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">Writing was created about 3100 B.C.E although it was not the first form of recording data. The earliest way that humans kept track of data was with wooden sticks a loom, and an abacus <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial"> d.  <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">There were about twelve hundred signs <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial"> e.  <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">About 85% of the tablets recorded good and food animals <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial"> f.  <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">The other 15% recorded were lexical words that listed names of officials, commodities and animals <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial"> g.  <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> The same lists like that were found six hundred years ago <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial"> h.  <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">Symbols and pictograms later became ideograms meaning there would be phonetic sounds with each word for example the picture of a foot could be walk to stand. <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial"> i.  <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">“Second, the range of sounds for ideograms was extended by punning much the way the sign for sun could be extended to son. Thus a collection of syllabic signs was created and scribes were able to indicate grammatical elements so that the script corresponded to the language. Sumerian is an agglutinative language. Each idea, weather nominal or verbal was expressed by a single unchanging syllable or polysyllable. This fixed syllable or root could be modified by long chains or prefixes and postfixes signifying specific grammatical elements.” <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial"> II. <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">Techniques and means of writing <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial"> a.  <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">A stylus was made of a reed that was cut to make a rounded end to make designs horizontal and vertical on clay about the size of a hand. <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial"> b.  <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">The materials for this type of writing would have been found near the river. <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial"> c.  <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">It is still unknown how the scribes were able to prepared, and store these tablets also keep the tablets moist while working on them. <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial"> d.  <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">The tablets were baked in the oven so once the tablets were made they could not be changed <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial"> e.  <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">The first side of the clay tablet which is flat to then be able to be written on is called the obverse, the back part of the tablet is called the reverse <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial"> f.  <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">Most of the tablets are square or rectangular but some of the tablets were round. The information written on the tablet was what decided what shape would be used <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial"> g.  <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">There were also some more extravagant some had a hinge with beeswaxes on top. Some were carved into stone or medal. Monuments and dedications would be carved into stone ivory metal and glass. <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">Early Mesopotamia: Society and Economy at the dawn of history <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">By: J.N Postgate <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial"> I.  <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">The origins of writing <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial"> a.  <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">Written on clay tablets founded in the Eanna temple complex at Uruk. <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial"> b.  <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">Also found were bullae a hollow clay ball. When still in good shape there would be inside an assortment of little clay tokens that would have signs I, I0, 60 that was the Mesopotamian number system too. <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial"> II. <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">Tablets <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial"> a.  <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">The clay tablets are made and the cuneiform writing is written with signs on it, the clay is soft and moist <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial"> b.  <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">The clay has some advantages it is available in many places and it is easy to prepare. Also the clay tablets when dried in the sun can last for many of years. Also the unwanted clay tablets were thrown away or used as flooring for homes. <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial"> c.  <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">When using the reed in the clay it need to be the right texture some historians are wondering how the Mesopotamians were able to right on the clay tablets in the hot summers in Mesopotamia it must have been a big part of training when being a scribe <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial"> d.  <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">We do not know now how it was prepared or stored and how it was kept at the right texture for written on. <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial"> e.  <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">The tablets were placed and stored in many ways, stacked on shelves some for smaller tablets were kept in wooden chests, the larger tablets were made on brick and put against walls <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">Cuneiform <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">Website: http://www.ancientscripts.com/cuneiform.html <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial"> I.  <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">“Clay tokens: the precursors of cuneiform,” <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial"> a.  <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">The first dated written scripts in history dated back to the 4th millennium B.C.E. <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial"> b.   <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">The cuneiform on clay tables came from an earlier system which was used 5 thousand years before cuneiform <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial"> c.  <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">The clay tokens were started being used in 8000 B.C.E <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial"> d.   <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">They are the shape of 3D figures, there are two different kinds of clay tokens there are the plain and complex <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial"> e.  <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">The plain tokens were dated back the earliest found in 8000 B.C.E <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial"> f.   <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">In places such as Turkey, Syria, Israel, Jordan, Iraq, and Iran <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial"> g.  <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">They were in spheres, disks, cones, tetrahedrons, and cylinders, the complex tokens were designed with designing and were created in the 4th millennium in the urban cities in southern Mesopotamia <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial"> h.  <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">The tokens would usually be used for counting trade in agriculture and the complex we used for store bought goods <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial"> i.  <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">To keep together the many tokens the Mesopotamians used envelops also another way was bulla which was a big clay ball <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial"> j.  <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">Later on the clay balls and token were banished and then the Mesopotamians used the clay tablets with a wedged-like writing

OUTLINE:

Lili welch History Mr Albritton September 29th I.   Mesopotamia a.   Who lived there? b.   Their culture c.   The inventions of writing i.   The date ii. where II. The beginging of writing a.    The reasons whhy writing was invented i.   Used for trade ii. Used for legal documents b.   the diffreences between writing now and then c.   Who was able to write III. They wrote on clay tablets a.   The procedure in which they creat the tablets b.   The style of writing, the way they write it    c.    Who wrote the clay tablets IV. Pictograns vs. Phonograms a.   Pictures b.   How it changes between the two c.   Why phonograms is better to use V.   Who really started it first? a.   Mesopotamians vs. Egyptians b.   They created writing at the same time c.   The similaraties and differences d.   Why clay tablets were better e.   How did both cultures create writing together? Did one copoy another? VI. Importances of writing a.   Modern socioties use writing b.   A way of communication c.   Summary of paper

Bibliography

1. Nemet-Nejat, Karen Rhea. Daily Life in ancient Mesopotamia. Westport: greenwood press, 1998. 2. Mcintosh, Jane R. Understanding Ancient Civiliztions: Anceient Mesopotamia New Perspectives. Santa Barbra: ABC-CLIO, Inc. 2005 3. Bertman, Stephen. Handbook to Life in Ancient Mesopotamia. New York: Facts on File, Inc. 2003. 4. Postgate, J.N. Early Mesopotamia Society and Economy at the Dawn of History. USA: Routledge. 1992

5. “Clay tokens: the Precursors of cuneiform.” Lawernce Lo, 1996-2007 http://www.ancientscripts.com/cuneiform.html